Stock: Ownership in a company, representing a share of its assets and profits, available for purchase on the stock market.

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Dividend: Portion of a company's earnings distributed to shareholders as a reward for owning its stock.

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Market Capitalization: Total value of a company's outstanding shares, calculated by multiplying the stock price by the number of shares.

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Bull Market: Period of rising stock prices and optimistic investor sentiment, typically accompanied by strong economic conditions.

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Bear Market: Period of falling stock prices and pessimistic investor sentiment, usually accompanied by economic downturns.

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Volatility: Measure of price fluctuations in the stock market, indicating the degree of uncertainty and risk.

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Index: Statistical measure representing a group of stocks, providing an overview of the market's performance.

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Portfolio: Collection of investments, including stocks, bonds, and other assets, held by an individual or institution.

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Risk Tolerance: Level of comfort and ability to withstand potential losses in investment portfolios.

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Diversification: Strategy of spreading investments across different asset classes and sectors to minimize risk and maximize returns.

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